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Dike (mythology)
In ancient Greek culture, Dikē ((:ˈdiːkeɪ) or (:ˈdɪkiː); Greek: Δίκη, English translation: "justice") was the goddess of justice and the spirit of moral order and fair judgement based on immemorial custom, in the sense of socially enforced norms and conventional rules. According to Hesiod (''Theogony'', l. 901), she was fathered by Zeus upon his second consort, Themis. She and her mother were both personifications of justice. She is depicted as a young slender woman carrying a physical balance scale and wearing a laurel wreath while her Roman counterpart (Justitia) appears in a similar fashion but blind-folded. She is represented in the constellation Libra which is named for the Latin name of her symbol (Scales). She is often associated with Astraea, the goddess of innocence and purity. Astraea is also one of her epithets referring to her appearance in the nearby constellation Virgo which is said to represent Astraea . This reflects her symbolic association with Astraea, who too has a similar iconography.
==Depiction==
The sculptures of the Temple of Zeus at Olympia have as their unifying iconographical conception the ''dikē'' of Zeus,〔.〕 and in poetry she is often the attendant (''paredros'') of Zeus.〔Sophocles’ ''Oedipus at Colonus'', 1377, or Plutarch’s ''Life of Alexander'' 52, or in the Orphic hymn 61. 2.〕 In the philosophical climate of late 5th century Athens, ''dikē'' could be anthropomorphised〔.〕 as a goddess of moral justice. She was one of the three second-generation Horae, along with Eunomia ("order") and Eirene ("peace"):
She ruled over human justice, while her mother Themis ruled over divine justice. Her opposite was ''adikia'' ("injustice"): in reliefs on the archaic Chest of Cypselus preserved at Olympia, a comely ''Dikē'' throttled an ugly ''Adikia'' and beat her with a stick.
The later art of rhetoric treated the personification of abstract concepts as an artistic device, which devolved into the allegorizing that Late Antiquity bequeathed to patristic literature. In a further euhemerist interpretation, Dikē was born a mortal and Zeus placed her on Earth to keep mankind just. He quickly learned this was impossible and placed her next to him on Mount Olympus.
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